With a real camera, no I don’t think you can change the sensor size like this (it’s a physical thing)
But I think the way this sensor size settings in blender (using the horizontal or vertical) is actually changing the way the view is mapped (transformed) onto the image plane. My guess is, all this is virtual so many things are possible in 3d, whereas in the real world you cannot transform the view matrix because…well the real world sucks when it’s compared to Blender haha.
But your experiments are quite interesting, Ingmar 🙂
It’s funny how I have just been researching all this stuff for an upcoming course. However, it won’t go anywhere in-depth as you have done in your experiments here. (It will just explain what it is and then say “Leave it at default” haha)