Hi Marie,
I can only imagine how difficult it can be to learn Blender in another language other than your native tongue. But I think you are doing well with your English.
Let’s see if I can answer some of those questions you had.
The relationship line (the weird dotted line) isn’t related to the python script at all. It is a viewport setting.
You can turn it on/off here.

In regards to the linear motion having a parabolic path. This is only the horizontal component of that movement, (X Location).
The Z location (up and down) will be parabolic. You can learn more about this in the animation bootcamp, however that course is all about improving your animation skills and is much more advanced than this course.
And you do not need a numpad to use the Extend/Shrink tool. E -2 will work on the top row of numbers.
In regards to some keyframes being Yellow and some White, that shows which keyframes are selected. (Yellow is selected, white is not selected)
I hope that helps solidify some of your knowledge. You’re probably not going to understand everything all at once, but as long as you keep learning, you will get there 🙂