@lucky I’m definitely way down the water wheel rabbit hole. To a certain extent physics can be tossed out the window, but I really need to rationalize some of it cause it plays into the aesthetic. Here’s where I’m at:

If you look at the paddles themselves they are not angled uniformly which implies that they are on a bearing. There is one paddle in the back that is at an angle where you would be able to see the bearing, and it does in fact have a black dot there, which I seriously believe is an intentional bearing.
This makes buckets make more sense, or at the very least something that utilizes a bearing to allow some wiggle room to drop off water so less energy is lost pulling it back up. Also, when this is animated, a slight tipping of the paddles with water drop-off would definitely look more appealing.
With that said, I’ve been playing with different paddles all night trying to find something that feels right. The closest thing I’ve found that seems kind of correct is to have a brace with a bearing that restricts the paddle from going back when it is taking on force, but allows it limited motion to then dip down to tip the water out.

I think any general scoop shape will probably look like crap even once its busted out and detailed, because it would rely on the water to give it form. But it does bring me back full circle to…. are they really just buckets? I need to sleep on it. Hahahah