Hi @thehomme ,
There is no Version difference with the Bevel Modifier.
The Size of your Model ‘dictates’ what the Amount in the Bevel needs to be. Also make sure that your Scale is Applied (but it looks like it is in your case).
You must realize, that in Edit Mode, you are seeing the original Mesh (orange) and also the Beveled Mesh (black) at the same time. Maybe look at it in Object Mode and with Solid Shading…