Maybe something in this direction (like Hans Chiu did for Nodevember):

Play with the settings and colors and make changes to your needs, but this would render something like so:

I used the Volume Scatter Node to try and create some fake glossiness.
Wouldn’t know how to do this with a Surface Shader, maybe calculate the thickness of the Object (distance between front and backfacing faces, or so) and add transparency according to the thickness?