Some of the information might take a while to sink in – don’t worry that’s normal.
But for now, regarding the active vert etc.
See the loop you have selected on the left?
See how there is a white vertex? That is the active vert.
The information about that vertex is showing in the area where you have the second arrow pointing to.
That area can only display the information for 1 vertex at a time (the active one)
That’s the most important thing for you to understand at this stage.