about poles… you said… If I understand correctly, poles are used to “cut-off” loop cuts…
poles are used to change direction…
there are 2 kinds of poles that are useful in 3D, 1) nose poles (3 sides) 2) extrusion poles (5 sides)

strategically placed they can change direction of your loops…
when you understand this idea you will be well on your way to understand retopology
hope this is helpful